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Collection Reference Number GLC05121
From Archive Folder Unassociated Civil War Documents 1863 
Title George Bonga to Henry B. Whipple discussing a treaty with the Red Lake and Pembina bands of Chippewa Indians
Date 22 October 1863
Author Bonga, George (fl. 1800-1874)  
Recipient Whipple, Henry B.  
Document Type Correspondence
Content Description Long letter about the 2 October 1863 Red Lake Treaty with the Red Lake and Pembina bands of Chippewa Indians. Discusses government and missionary efforts to assimilate the Indians and the Indian resistance to adapting the "habits of the white man." Comments on changes in the Chippewa community, distrust between Indians and whites, the validity of treaties made, the proper location for a reservation and how and when to remove the Indians to it, and the need for education for assimilation.
Subjects American Indian History  Treaty  Religion  Education  Government and Civics  
People Bonga, George (fl. 1800-1874)  Whipple, Henry Benjamin (1822-1901)  
Place written Leech Lake, Minnesota
Theme The American Civil War; Native Americans; Education; Government & Politics
Sub-collection Papers and Images of the American Civil War
Additional Information Biography: George Bonga was the son of a Chippewa mother and black fur trader. He was a Ojibway leader who worked as an interpreter and fur trader. Henry Whipple was a bishop in the Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Minnesota who had helped to persuade Abraham Lincoln to commute most of the death sentences of Sioux involved in an uprising in Minnesota.
Copyright The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
Module Civil War, Reconstruction and the Modern Era: 1860-1945
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